compose.yaml — services, ports, volumes, networks

~20 daq · Docker · Docker Compose

Muammodan boshlaylik

O'tgan darsdagi fayl ishlaydi. Endi real loyiha uchun ko'proq sozlama kerak: build argumentlari, restart siyosati, faqat lokal portlar, tarmoqlarni ajratish, konfiguratsiya fayllari. Har bir docker run parametrining Compose dagi ekvivalentini bilish kerak.

Umumiy tuzilma

name: dokon                    # loyiha nomi (ixtiyoriy)

services:                      # xizmatlar — konteynerlar
  xizmat-nomi:
    ...

volumes:                       # nomlangan volume lar
  ...

networks:                      # tarmoqlar (ixtiyoriy — standart bittasi bor)
  ...

[!INFO] YAML da chekinish (bo'sh joylar) — tuzilma. Tab emas, doim bo'sh joy (odatda 2 ta). Bitta noto'g'ri chekinish — yaml: line 12: did not find expected key. Muharrir YAML kengaytmasi bilan.

image yoki build

services:
  baza:
    image: mysql:8.4            # tayyor image

  api:
    build: .                    # joriy papkadagi Dockerfile

  admin:
    build:
      context: ./admin          # boshqa papka
      dockerfile: Dockerfile.prod
      target: production        # multi-stage bosqichi (16-dars)
      args:
        APP_VERSION: "1.4.0"    # ARG (13-dars)
    image: dokon-admin:1.4.0    # yasalgan image ga nom

docker run → compose

Portlar

ports:
  - "3000:3000"
  - "127.0.0.1:3306:3306"      # faqat lokal (9, 25-darslar)
  - "8080:80"

Portlarni qo'shtirnoqqa oling. YAML 22:22 kabi qiymatlarni ba'zan 60-lik sanoq tizimidagi son deb o'qiydi.

Faqat ichki xizmatlar (baza, Redis) — ports umuman yo'q. Compose tarmog'ida ular baribir ko'rinadi.

Muhit o'zgaruvchilari

environment:
  NODE_ENV: production
  DB_HOST: baza
  DB_PORT: "3306"               # sonlarni ham qo'shtirnoqda — string sifatida

Yoki ro'yxat shaklida:

environment:
  - NODE_ENV=production
  - DB_HOST=baza

Maxfiy qiymatlar faylga yozilmaydi — .env va o'zgaruvchilar (29-dars).

Volume lar

services:
  baza:
    image: mysql:8.4
    volumes:
      - baza-data:/var/lib/mysql                          # nomlangan volume
      - ./init:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d:ro             # bind mount (nisbiy yo'l — compose.yaml ga nisbatan)
      - ./mysql.cnf:/etc/mysql/conf.d/custom.cnf:ro

  api:
    volumes:
      - uploads:/app/uploads

volumes:
  baza-data:
  uploads:

Nomlangan volume lar pastki volumes: bo'limida e'lon qilinishi shart, aks holda xato. Bind mount lar — yo'q.

Nisbiy yo'llar (./init) — Compose da bemalol ishlaydi va barcha OS larda bir xil ($(pwd) shart emas).

restart siyosati

restart: unless-stopped

Server qayta yoqildi — konteynerlar o'zi ko'tariladi. Ilova yiqildi — qayta ishga tushadi.

command va entrypoint

services:
  kesh:
    image: redis:7-alpine
    command: redis-server --appendonly yes --requirepass ${REDIS_PASSWORD}

  worker:
    build: .
    command: ["node", "dist/worker.js"]     # xuddi shu image — boshqa buyruq

Bitta image dan ikki xizmat: api (HTTP server) va worker (navbat ishlovchisi).

Tarmoqlar

Standart holatda — bitta umumiy tarmoq, hamma hammani ko'radi. Ajratish (24-dars):

services:
  nginx:
    image: nginx:1.27-alpine
    ports: ["80:80"]
    networks: [frontend]

  api:
    build: .
    networks: [frontend, backend]

  baza:
    image: mysql:8.4
    networks: [backend]

networks:
  frontend:
  backend:
    internal: true          # internetga chiqishsiz (25-dars)

Nginx bazani ko'rmaydi; baza internetga chiqa olmaydi.

To'liq misol

name: dokon

services:
  api:
    build:
      context: .
      target: production
    image: dokon-api:latest
    restart: unless-stopped
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    environment:
      NODE_ENV: production
      DB_HOST: baza
      DB_NAME: dokon
      DB_USER: app
      DB_PASSWORD: ${DB_PASSWORD}
      REDIS_URL: redis://kesh:6379
    volumes:
      - uploads:/app/uploads
    depends_on:
      baza:
        condition: service_healthy
      kesh:
        condition: service_started

  baza:
    image: mysql:8.4
    restart: unless-stopped
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: ${DB_ROOT_PASSWORD}
      MYSQL_DATABASE: dokon
      MYSQL_USER: app
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: ${DB_PASSWORD}
      TZ: Asia/Tashkent
    volumes:
      - baza-data:/var/lib/mysql
      - ./db/init:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d:ro
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "mysqladmin", "ping", "-h", "localhost", "--silent"]
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 10
      start_period: 30s

  kesh:
    image: redis:7-alpine
    restart: unless-stopped
    command: redis-server --appendonly yes
    volumes:
      - redis-data:/data

volumes:
  baza-data:
  redis-data:
  uploads:

${DB_PASSWORD} — .env fayldan (29-dars). healthcheck va condition — keyingi dars.

Tekshirish

docker compose config        # yakuniy konfiguratsiya: o'zgaruvchilar almashtirilgan, xatolar ko'rsatiladi

Nima uchun shunday?

Nima uchun Compose fayl formati sifatida YAML tanlangan?

YAML — inson o'qishi uchun qulay va izohlarni (#) qo'llab-quvvatlaydi; JSON da izoh yo'q va qavslar ko'p. Konfiguratsiya fayllari ko'proq o'qiladi — jamoa a'zolari, kod reviewda, yillar o'tib. Kubernetes, GitHub Actions, Ansible — DevOps vositalarining aksariyati YAML ishlatadi, shuning uchun uni bir marta o'rgansangiz, hamma joyda kerak bo'ladi. Kamchiligi — chekinishga sezgirlik; muharrirdagi YAML tekshiruvchisi bu muammoni hal qiladi.

Xulosa

Eslab qoling:

• services / volumes / networks — asosiy bo'limlar; chekinish — bo'sh joy
• image yoki build (context, target, args)
• Portlar qo'shtirnoqda; ichki xizmatlar — ports siz
• Nomlangan volume lar — pastda e'lon qilinadi; bind mount — nisbiy yo'l
• restart: unless-stopped — production uchun
• command — bitta image dan turli xizmatlar
• Tarmoqlarni ajratish, internal: true
• docker compose config — tekshirish

Keyingi dars

28-dars: depends_on va healthcheck — ishga tushish tartibi